I would particularly like to acknowledge Fr. Isaac Martinez, MSA, former General of the Missionaries of the Holy Apostles, who gave me permission to publish, and Bishop Christian Rodembourg, MSA, who as the first MSA to be ordained a bishop brought our MSA charism into a deeper ecclesial dimension by assuming the office of bishop the year this book was published.

 Special thanks to Dr. Sebastian Mahfood, OP, president of En Route Books and Media, for publishing this work.

Mary, Mother of God & Mother of the Church 

Chapter 1 Foreshadowing of the Old Testament

 Part I: Theology of Women 

Men and Women Reflecting the Infinite Perfections of God 

Infertile-Fertile

 Pairs of Women 

Powerless and Powerful Women

 The Woman from Genesis and Miriam 

Daughter Zion

 Discussion Questions

Chapter 2 Foreshadowing in the Old Testament 

Part II: Creation, 

Covenant, 

Abraham, 

Ark Creation Covenant 

Abraham’s Faith Ark 

Discussion Questions

Chapter 3 Fulfillment in the New Testament 

Part I: Theology of Women 

Typology and Allegory Mary as New Eve Mary as Woman of Genesis 

Mary as Queen Mother 

Mary as Daughter Zion 

Discussion Questions

Chapter 4 Fulfillment in the New Testament 

Part II: New Creation, 

Mary’s Faith, 

New Covenant, 

New Ark New Creation 

Mary’s Faith New Covenant 

New Ark 

Discussion Questions

Chapter 5 Mary in the New Testament 

Annunciation 

Visitation 

Wedding at Cana 

Pentecost 

At the Foot of the Cross  

Woman of Revelation 

Discussion Questions

Chapter 6 Patristics: 

Early Development 

Marian Theology Before the Council of Nicaea 

Marian Theology After the Council of Nicaea 

Discussion Questions

Chapter 7 Medieval Age: 

Flowering of Devotions 

Identification with the Church 

Bride and Spouse 

Queen Star of the Sea 

Fulfillment of Old Testament 

Types Immaculate Conception Assumption 

Mediating Redemption Marian Devotions 

Discussion Questions

Chapter 8 Vatican II and Post-Vatican II 

Pre-Vatican II and Vatican II 

Modern Papacy Paul VI 

John Paul II 

Benedict XVI 1

Francis 

Discussion Questions

Chapter 9 Marian Dogmas 

Role of Dogmas 

Perpetual Virginity 

Mother of God 

Immaculate Conception 

Assumption 

Discussion Questions

Chapter 10 Marian Doctrine and Heresies 

Nestorianism 

Theo-monism and Pelagianism 

Fideism and Rationalism 

Gnosticism 

Discussion Questions

Chapter 11 Mary and Ecclesiology 

Identification of Mary and the Church 

Mary as Church Archetype 

Mary and the Church as Heaven 

Mary’s Maternal and Ecclesial 

Sacramental Mediation 

Discussion Questions

Chapter 12 Marian Apparitions and Modern Day 

Applications of Marian 

Teachings Marian Apparitions 

Application of Marian Teaching 

Discussion Questions